#TOOL OFFICE TOOLKIT 2.3.2 SOFTWARE#

Thus, from the geometric point of view, a complete electroвЂђmechanoвЂђfluid model of the cardiac function must take into account both the atrioвЂђventricular muscle separation and the rightвЂ“left hemodynamic division. On the contrary, from the hemodynamic point of view, the internal cavities are connected only along the atrioventricular direction, while a clear separation between the right and the left cavities is necessary to divide the oxygenated and the nonвЂђoxygenated blood. Both the ventricular and the atrial muscles are in continuity from the left to the right side of the heart, while they are connected to each other only by the fibrotic tissue of the annuli, which also acts as electrical insulators.

In terms of modeling, the multiвЂђphysics aspects of the cardiac function can be grouped into three main processes: the electrophysiology that takes into account the electric signal propagation and the biochemical processing occurring at cells level the active and passive mechanics that, driven by the electric signal and by the pressure evolution inside the cardiac chambers, models the movement and the internal stresses of the cardiac muscle and the fluidвЂђdynamics that, together with the motion of the four cardiac valves, regulates the blood flow circulation in the entire human body.ДЇrom the geometric point of view, the heart is characterized by a very complex anatomy, as illustrated in Figure вЂ‹ Figure1A. The mathematical and numerical modeling of the cardiac function is a very challenging research topic.ДЄdvances in this field can help to better understand the heart physiologyДЄnd are promoting a new approach to the study of cardiac pathologies and their treatments. We detail all the proposed algorithms motivating them in the cardiac context and we highlight their flexibility by showing different examples of cardiac mesh generation pipelines. Thanks to these features, the proposed tools can significantly speedвЂђup the mesh generation process for a large range of cardiac applications, from singleвЂђchamber singleвЂђphysics simulations to multiвЂђchambers multiвЂђphysics simulations.

#TOOL OFFICE TOOLKIT 2.3.2 SOFTWARE#

The new algorithms-implemented in the openвЂђsource software vmtk-can be combined with each other allowing the creation of personalized pipelines, that can be optimized for each cardiac geometry or for each aspect of the cardiac function to be modeled. In particular, we focus on different aspects of a cardiac mesh generation pipeline: (1) specific polygonal surface processing for cardiac geometries, like connection of different heart chambers or segmentation outputs (2) generation of accurate boundary tags (3) definition of meshвЂђsize functions dependent on relevant geometric quantities (4) processing and connecting together several volumetric meshes. In this work we propose a set of new algorithms and tools aiming to facilitate the mesh generation process.

These surfaces need adвЂђhoc processing to be suitable for a volumetric mesh generation. In practice, the input is typically a set of unprocessed polygonal surfaces coming either from a template geometry or from medical images. In order to simulate the cardiac function for a patientвЂђspecific geometry, the generation of the computational mesh is crucially important.

Tool office toolkit 2.3.2